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Kuala Lumpur

Korean Alphabet Notes For Beginners

Home > Study Notes > Korean Alphabet Notes For Beginners
Published in: Language
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Let's learn Korean alpabet 'Hanguel'

Unnie / Kuala Lumpur

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Qualification: Degree in Teaching Korean as a Foreign Language

Teaches: Public Speaking, Korean, Education

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  1. Useful Phrases (Greetin ) o 1.8 an nyung na se yo? Thank you gam sa hat-n ni da I'm sorry jwe song ham ni da Good bye (to person who leaves) an nyung hi ga se yo Self-introduction an nyung ha se yo? Jeo neun Nice ta meet you man na seo ban gap seum ni da to meet you man na seo ban gap seum ni da It's nothing. (not at all) That's OK _ü14 gwaen cha na yo. oood bye (ta person who stays) an nyung hi gye se yo In the classroom Please look at (something) bo se yo Please listen deu reu se yo yes know have / there is sseo yo Please read 0 12 -Q ii geu se yo Pi ease repeat after m o CCF dda ra ha se yo no don't know eop seo yo Please write down sseu se yo Please practice yun seup ha se yo What is this? gae nnwo ye yo Do you have any question? i sseo yo Good
  2. Introducing the Korean language and Hangeul How many people around the world use the Korean language? Korean is the official language of the Republic of Korea and is used by ap- proximately 78 million people around the world. Korean is the 12th widely used language in the world. This means Korean falls be- hind Chinese, Spanish. and English but is ahead of Italian and French. Aside from Koreans living inside and outside the country, a growing number of people around the world are learning the Korean language thanks largely to increased cultural exchange resulting from the popularity of Korean pop culture, a phenomenon called Hence the role of Korean TV dramas, movies, and music has become important. In addition, a growing number of people from different parts of the world are learning Korean to work or study in Korea. How and when was Hangeul invented? The Korean alphabet is called Hangeul. It was invented in 1443 by King Se- jong, the fourth monarch of Joseon, and the scholars of Jiphyeonjeon (The Academy of Worthies). Before Hangeul, Korean was written in Chinese charac- ters. which were difficult for the ordinary people to learn. but with the invention of Hangeul Koreans were finally able to easily write down their own thoughts. The vowels are a combination of the symbols . and 'I' which repre- sent heaven, the earth, and human beings (standing up) respectively. All vow- els are composed of these three elements. How are the Korean characters composed? As a syllabic script Hangeul is composed of consonants and vowels. Modern Hangeul consists of 40 letters, 19 consonants and 21 vowels. Consonants Vowels l: -1-1 Each Hangeul character is a syllabic block made up of both consonants and vowels. A consonant is found in the initial and the final position of the character and a vowel in the medial position. The ordering of consonants and vowels is indicated in the diagram below. C V 71-, B-l c c c c c V King Sejong Hunminjeongeum (Correct Sounds to Instruct the people) Various Hangeul font The consonants were designed based on pictographic principles and the ad- dition of strokes. The five basic consonants (a, L, D, A, o) follow the shape of the speech organs as they make the sound while the remainder were made by adding strokes to the basic consonants. Vowels are either vertical in shape or horizontal. The vertical ones are b, h A, q, I and the consonant is placed on the left hand side. The horizontal ones are -L, -IL, -r, -tr. — and the consonant is placed on top. 71-
  3. L— | Learning Hangeul 01 Vowels (1) There are 21 vowels in Hangeul, 10 simple vowels and 11 compound vowels made of a combination of simple vowels. Vowels are written from top to bot- tom, and from left to right. Syllables A vowel composes a syllable. When there is no consonant in the initial position of a syllabic block, the letter '0' is used as a filler, which has no sound. Therefore, 'Ol' is pronounced the same as the vowel 'I '. Letter Name 0-1 Phonetic value [a] [0] [jul Stroke order 01 o 10 o Ilo Practice Listen and choose the correct answer. Proc+ico @ 0-1 (2) (j) (3-1 (4) 02 (6) 001 (2) (31 Read and write the following words. 2. Word 0101 5 2 cutcumber milk Practice 2 OPI
  4. e-æ --46171 Learning Hangeul 02 Consonants (1) There are 19 consonants in Hangeul, 14 simple consonants and 5 double con- sonants. They must be used in combination with vowels to complete a syllable and as such consonants have no sound on their own. Consonants can change in sound to resemble another depending on the vowel that follows or its position in the syllabic block. Syllables Listen carefully and repeat. 71- Letter Name Phonetic value [n] [s], [ph] Stroke order Practice 2. Tree Lion Poct&s Shoes Head Tip Read and write the following words. Word El-I-I-LA- Practice fiLF- The letter 'e' in Korean is pronounced either [r] or [I]. 1) Between two consonants it is pronounced as [r]. ex) 2) In other cases it is pronounced as [l]. ex) V[mal]
  5. Learning Hangeul e.-æ 216171 VOWels (2) Following are 11 compound vowels composed of the 10 simple vowels. Syllables Letter Name 011 9-1- 9-1 91 Phonetic value [wal [wel [wil Stroke order *110 Practice -6 . Listen and choose the correct answer. (3) (2) Ml (4) (j) 41 (2) 4 (5) (6) 0711 Read and write the following words. Word 711 71-91 Practice 711 Al-Jl l) 9-1 -Il: Though their pronunciation is different, [el and I el respectively, often no distinction is made between the two in ordinary speech. 2) 41: Though the pronunciation of each is a little different, [we], [wel or [wøl often no distinction is made in ordinary speech. In all words and sentences the meaning changes according to the spelling, so care must be taken in writing the above vowels. cold
  6. Learning Hangeul 04 ÄE(2) Consonants (2) The five double consonants -n, consonants. u: Letter Name 41-71 Stroke order 0-11-0 olHElo öö are formed by doubling the basic Practice U: 2. Listen carefully and repeat. 71- Read and write the following words. Phonetic value [kk] [PPI [cc] Word rabbit stew 71 elephant ÖI-BBI- dad tail salt write ret pretty ride Practice 711 Korean consonants can be classified as neutral, aspirated, and tense de- pending on syllable formation. This system is a unique feature of Korean. The neutral form has no strong release of air or tension, while aspirated conso- nants are accompanied by a strong release of air. Tense consonants are called so because they are pronounced with the tongue muscles tensed. Articulation Neutral Aspirated Tense Syllables Letter 771
  7. --16171 Learning Hangeul 5 I Final consonants o Final consonants are those used in the final position of a syllabic block. All consonants except for E, 11B, can be used as final consonants, however they are not all pronounced as they are but change to one of the following 7 conso- nant sounds: [ n], Listen and choose the correct answer. (2) (6) Read and write the following words. (3) Final consonant C) Sound [k] [m] Word example 41 A}, 4cl- Sil-*cl-, 2. Word book outside listen da end island rice ball Practice Word E (5-1 kitchen mountain clothes flower horse bod front room Practice In the case of double final consonants such as EX, 16, ed , sometimes the pronunciation follows the first consonant and sometimes the second. Pronunciation following the first consonant: EH, HA Pronunciation following the second consonant: 21, zu ex) Syllables
  8. ■ 000 ■ 0 ■ 000000 ■ 0 〒 下 亠 ュ ト ト ヨ ロ ・ ロ ■ 0 ロ ロ ■ 0 ■ ■ 0 ■ ■ 0 ■ 00 ■ ■ ■ 00 ■ 0 ■ ■ ■ 目 ー ロ ー ロ ■ ■ 00 ■ 0 ■ ■ 0 ■ ■ ロ ■ ロ ■ ■ ロ ロ ・ 0 ・ ■ ロ ■ 0 ■ ロ ■ ロ ■ 0 ロ ロ ■ 0 ・ ■ ロ ■ ■ ロ ■ ロ ・ 00 ロ ・ ロ ・ 0 ロ ■ 日 ・ ロ ■ ロ ・ ■ 0 ロ ・ 0 ・ ■ ロ ■ 住 ■ ロ ■ ロ ・ 0 ロ ロ ■ ロ ■ ■ ロ ■ ■ ■ ロ ■ ロ ・ ■ ロ ロ ■ ロ ■ ■ ロ ■ き ロ ・ ロ ■ ■ ロ ロ ■ 0 ■ ■ ー

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